Can magnesium for sleep really help you sleep better? Magnesium is essential for normal nerve and muscle function, and research suggests a possible relationship between magnesium status and sleep.
However, evidence that magnesium supplements directly improve sleep remains limited and mixed. It may help some people, but magnesium is not a proven treatment for insomnia.
Table of Contents
What Is Magnesium and Why Does Your Body Need It?
Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in hundreds of processes throughout the body. It supports normal nerve and muscle function, protein production, blood glucose regulation, blood pressure regulation and bone health.
Because magnesium plays an important role in normal nervous-system function, researchers have become interested in whether it may also influence sleep and sleep quality.
But there is an important distinction:
Getting enough magnesium is an established nutritional requirement. Taking extra magnesium specifically to improve sleep is a separate question.
Some observational studies have found relationships between magnesium status and sleep, while clinical trials have produced less consistent results. A systematic review covering 7,582 adults across nine studies found that observational studies generally suggested an association between magnesium status and some measures of sleep, while randomized clinical trials produced contradictory findings.
So magnesium deserves attention—but not exaggerated claims.
Rather than thinking of magnesium as a natural sleeping pill, it is more useful to see it as one part of overall nutrition and sleep health.
How Could Magnesium Be Related to Sleep?
There are several biological reasons researchers have investigated a connection between magnesium and sleep.
Magnesium participates in normal nerve signaling, muscle function and many cellular processes. Researchers have proposed that magnesium status may influence processes involved in nervous-system excitability, relaxation and sleep regulation.
There is also scientific interest in possible interactions between magnesium status and pathways involved in the body’s sleep-wake system.
However, an important rule applies when interpreting nutrition research:
A plausible biological mechanism does not prove that a treatment works.
Knowing that magnesium participates in processes related to the nervous system does not prove that taking a magnesium supplement before bed will make you fall asleep faster.
That question requires human research.
Take-Home Message
Magnesium has biological connections to normal nervous-system function, but these mechanisms alone do not prove that magnesium improves sleep.
What Does the Research Say About Magnesium and Sleep?
The research generally falls into two categories:
- Observational studies, which look for relationships between magnesium intake or status and sleep.
- Intervention studies, which test whether giving people magnesium changes sleep outcomes.
These types of studies answer different questions.
What Observational Studies Show
Observational research has found associations between magnesium status and certain sleep measures.
The systematic review of nine studies involving 7,582 adults found that observational studies generally suggested an association between magnesium status and sleep. However, the randomized clinical trials included in the review produced uncertain or contradictory findings.
This distinction matters.
People who consume more magnesium may also have healthier overall diets. Someone who regularly eats:
- Nuts and seeds
- Beans and other legumes
- Whole grains
- Leafy green vegetables
- Fruits and vegetables
may also have other lifestyle habits that influence sleep.
Therefore, an association between higher magnesium intake and better sleep does not prove that magnesium itself caused the difference.
What Clinical Trials Show
Randomized clinical trials are more useful for determining whether magnesium itself can improve sleep.
So far, the results are interesting but not strong enough to establish a consistent benefit.
A systematic review and meta-analysis identified three randomized controlled trials involving 151 older adults with insomnia. Magnesium supplementation was associated with a reduction in sleep-onset latency of about 17 minutes. However, the studies had moderate-to-high risk of bias, and the evidence was rated low to very low quality.
That makes the finding worth investigating further—but it does not justify saying that magnesium treats insomnia.
What We Know—and What We Don’t
| What research tells us | What it means |
|---|---|
| Magnesium is essential for health | Established |
| Magnesium supports normal nerve and muscle function | Established |
| Some studies associate magnesium status with sleep | Interesting association |
| Magnesium supplementation may improve some sleep measures | Possible, but evidence is limited |
| Magnesium reliably improves sleep in everyone | Not established |
| Magnesium is a proven treatment for insomnia | Not established |
| Eating magnesium-rich foods guarantees better sleep | Not established |
Take-Home Message
The evidence supports making sure you get enough magnesium, but it does not currently support treating magnesium as a guaranteed sleep solution.
What Does Magnesium Actually Improve in Sleep?
“Slept better” can mean several different things.
Researchers may look at how quickly someone falls asleep, how long they sleep, how often they wake during the night, subjective sleep quality or daytime functioning.
A supplement could potentially affect one of these outcomes without improving all of them.
That is why looking at individual sleep outcomes gives us a clearer picture.
Sleep-Onset Latency
Sleep-onset latency refers to how long it takes a person to fall asleep after trying to sleep.
This is one of the areas where magnesium has produced an interesting finding.
The meta-analysis of magnesium supplementation in older adults found that magnesium reduced sleep-onset latency by approximately 17 minutes compared with placebo. However, the certainty of the evidence was low to very low because the available trials were small and had important methodological limitations.
So the finding is worth noting, but it should not be interpreted as:
“Magnesium makes everyone fall asleep 17 minutes faster.”
The result represents an average difference across a small group of studies. It does not tell us that every person taking magnesium will experience the same effect.
Total Sleep Time
Total sleep time is another important measure.
Interestingly, the same meta-analysis found an approximately 16-minute increase in total sleep time among people receiving magnesium. However, this difference was not statistically significant.
That means the available evidence does not establish that magnesium reliably increases the amount of time people sleep.
This is a useful reminder that a numerical difference in a study is not automatically proof of a meaningful treatment effect.
Sleep Quality
Sleep quality is often measured using questionnaires such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).
Some magnesium studies have reported improvements in subjective sleep quality, but the overall evidence remains inconsistent.
This distinction matters because subjective sleep quality and objective measurements are not necessarily the same thing.
Someone may feel that they slept better without showing a large change in measurable sleep duration or other objective sleep measures.
For that reason, claims such as “magnesium improves deep sleep” or “magnesium increases REM sleep” should be treated cautiously unless a specific study actually measured those outcomes.
Nighttime Awakenings and Other Sleep Measures
Researchers have also investigated outcomes such as nighttime awakenings, daytime sleepiness and other aspects of sleep.
The evidence is not consistent enough to conclude that magnesium reliably improves all of these measures.
The broader research has examined sleep duration, sleep-onset latency, night awakenings, sleep stages and other sleep-related outcomes, but the randomized evidence remains uncertain.
A more accurate conclusion is that researchers are still investigating whether magnesium status or supplementation influences different aspects of sleep.
Take-Home Message
Magnesium may affect some aspects of sleep, particularly sleep-onset latency in some studies, but it has not been shown to reliably improve every measure of sleep.
What Does Newer Research Say About Magnesium for Sleep?
Newer research makes the picture a little more interesting.
A 2025 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial studied 155 adults aged 18–65 who reported poor sleep quality. Participants received either 250 mg of elemental magnesium as magnesium bisglycinate each day or a placebo.
After four weeks, the magnesium group had a greater reduction in scores on the Insomnia Severity Index than the placebo group. However, the effect was small, with a Cohen’s d of 0.2, suggesting a modest benefit. The researchers also noted that future studies should include objective sleep measurements, longer intervention periods and better assessment of baseline magnesium intake and status.
This is useful evidence because it studied adults with poor sleep rather than focusing only on older adults.
But it does not overturn the broader evidence.
One relatively small trial cannot establish magnesium as a treatment for insomnia, particularly when earlier studies have produced mixed findings.
The study did offer an interesting clue: exploratory analyses suggested that people with lower baseline dietary magnesium intake may have experienced greater improvements. That finding is preliminary and needs to be tested in future research.
Another recent trial investigated magnesium L-threonate in 100 adults aged 18–45 with self-reported dissatisfied sleep. Participants received 2 grams per day of the magnesium L-threonate product or placebo for six weeks. The study found some improvements in subjective sleep-related measures, but objective sleep-tracking results did not show group differences across the sleep outcomes studied.
This is particularly important because it demonstrates why we should be cautious about declaring any one magnesium form the “best magnesium for sleep.”
The evidence is developing, but it is not yet definitive.
Take-Home Message
Newer research is encouraging, but it does not yet provide enough evidence to call magnesium a proven sleep treatment.
Can Magnesium Help With Insomnia?
Insomnia is more than occasionally having a bad night’s sleep.
It involves persistent difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep or obtaining adequate sleep despite having an opportunity to sleep, together with daytime consequences.
That makes magnesium for insomnia a more specific question than simply asking whether magnesium is good for sleep.
The available evidence does not establish magnesium as a first-line treatment for chronic insomnia.
The older-adult meta-analysis found a possible reduction in the time needed to fall asleep, while the 2025 magnesium bisglycinate trial found a modest reduction in insomnia severity among adults reporting poor sleep. However, these findings come from relatively limited evidence.
Persistent insomnia can have many causes, including:
- Irregular sleep schedules
- Stress and anxiety
- Caffeine or alcohol
- Medications
- Circadian rhythm problems
- Sleep apnea
- Restless legs syndrome
- Other health conditions
Magnesium may be one nutritional consideration, but it is not a substitute for identifying the cause of persistent sleep problems.
Take-Home Message
Magnesium has not been established as a treatment for chronic insomnia.
If sleep problems persist, finding and addressing the underlying cause is more important than relying on a supplement.
Can Magnesium Increase Melatonin?
This is one of the claims you will frequently encounter when searching for magnesium and sleep.
The relationship is biologically interesting, but it is often presented much more confidently than the human evidence allows.
Magnesium is not the same thing as melatonin.
Melatonin is a hormone involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, while magnesium is an essential mineral involved in many different physiological processes.
There may be biological interactions between magnesium status and pathways involved in sleep regulation, but we should not reduce that relationship to:
More magnesium = more melatonin = better sleep.
Melatonin production is strongly influenced by circadian timing and light exposure, among other factors.
That is why magnesium should be viewed as one part of sleep biology rather than a replacement for healthy circadian habits.
Also Read: Melatonin Guide | Circadian Rhythm and Melatonin | Natural Melatonin Production
Can Magnesium Help You Relax Before Bed?
Magnesium is involved in normal nerve and muscle function, which is one reason researchers have investigated whether magnesium status may influence processes associated with relaxation.
However, saying that magnesium “calms the nervous system” or guarantees relaxation goes beyond what current clinical evidence can establish.
If someone has inadequate magnesium intake, improving overall nutrition is sensible.
But someone who already gets adequate magnesium should not assume that taking additional magnesium will automatically make them more relaxed or improve their sleep.
Take-Home Message
Magnesium supports normal nervous-system function, but a magnesium supplement should not automatically be considered a relaxation treatment.
What Type of Magnesium Has Been Studied for Sleep?
Magnesium supplements come in several forms, including:
- Magnesium glycinate or bisglycinate
- Magnesium citrate
- Magnesium oxide
- Magnesium chloride
- Magnesium lactate
- Magnesium L-threonate
These forms differ in their chemical characteristics, elemental magnesium content, absorption and gastrointestinal effects.
Research on magnesium and sleep has also used different formulations and doses, making it difficult to determine whether one particular form is superior for sleep.
This is important because “best magnesium for sleep” is a much stronger claim than the current evidence supports.
Recent studies have investigated magnesium bisglycinate and magnesium L-threonate, but the results do not establish that either form is universally superior. The 2025 L-threonate research, for example, found some subjective sleep improvements but did not find group differences in the objective sleep outcomes measured with a wearable device.
Different forms may be better tolerated or absorbed in particular circumstances, but that does not automatically mean they produce better sleep.
Also Read: Best Magnesium for Sleep: Glycinate, Citrate, Oxide and Other Forms Compared
Should You Get Magnesium From Food or Supplements?
For most people, the first question should be:
Am I getting enough magnesium from my diet?
The NIH identifies nuts, seeds, legumes, whole grains and green leafy vegetables among the main dietary sources of magnesium.
Food also provides other nutrients that supplements generally do not.
For example:
Pumpkin seeds provide magnesium along with protein and healthy fats.
Beans provide magnesium, fiber and plant protein.
Spinach provides magnesium alongside several vitamins and minerals.
Whole grains provide magnesium and fiber.
This makes a magnesium-rich diet useful regardless of whether magnesium ultimately turns out to have a meaningful sleep benefit for a particular person.
| Food | Supplement | |
|---|---|---|
| Main purpose | Meet nutritional needs | Provide concentrated magnesium |
| Other nutrients | Yes | Usually limited |
| Dose | Naturally variable | More controlled |
| Direct sleep evidence | Limited | More intervention research |
| GI side effects | Generally uncommon from normal intake | More likely at higher doses |
| Best starting point | Usually | Depends on individual circumstances |
This does not mean supplements are inherently bad.
They can be useful when dietary intake is inadequate or when a healthcare professional recommends supplementation.
But taking a supplement simply because magnesium is associated with sleep is a different decision.
Also Read: 15 Magnesium-Rich Foods for Sleep: Natural Sources to Add to Your Diet
How Much Magnesium Do You Need?
Your magnesium requirement depends mainly on age and sex.
For adults, the recommended dietary allowance is:
| Group | Recommended intake |
|---|---|
| Men 19–30 | 400 mg/day |
| Men 31+ | 420 mg/day |
| Women 19–30 | 310 mg/day |
| Women 31+ | 320 mg/day |
| Pregnancy, 19–30 | 350 mg/day |
| Pregnancy, 31–50 | 360 mg/day |
| Breastfeeding, 19–30 | 310 mg/day |
| Breastfeeding, 31–50 | 320 mg/day |
These are daily nutritional requirements, not recommended doses for treating sleep problems.
There is no universally established “magnesium dose for sleep” that applies to everyone.
That distinction is important because some online articles make it sound as though a particular amount of magnesium has been established as a bedtime dose.
It has not.
Take-Home Message
Meet your nutritional magnesium needs first. Don’t assume that taking a larger amount will produce a larger sleep benefit.
Is More Magnesium Better for Sleep?
No—not necessarily.
It is easy to assume:
More magnesium = more relaxation = better sleep.
Nutrition does not work that simply.
Once nutritional needs are met, consuming more does not necessarily create additional benefits.
There is also a practical safety issue.
Large amounts of supplemental magnesium can cause diarrhea, nausea and abdominal cramping. Extremely high amounts can cause more serious toxicity, including abnormal heart rhythms, particularly when kidney function is impaired.
For adults, the NIH sets an upper limit of 350 mg per day for magnesium from dietary supplements and medications. This limit does not apply to magnesium naturally present in food.
That distinction is frequently misunderstood.
The 350 mg figure is therefore not the recommended daily intake of magnesium. It is the upper limit specifically for magnesium from supplements and medications.
Magnesium supplements can also interact with some medicines, including certain antibiotics and bisphosphonates, and some medications can affect magnesium levels. Anyone taking regular medication should check with a healthcare professional or pharmacist before starting a supplement.
Take-Home Message
More magnesium is not automatically better.
Aim to meet your nutritional needs rather than taking increasingly large amounts in the hope of improving sleep.
Who May Need to Pay More Attention to Magnesium Intake?
Most people do not need to constantly monitor their magnesium intake.
However, some people may have a greater risk of inadequate magnesium intake or low magnesium status.
One simple place to start is the diet itself.
If you rarely eat nuts, seeds, legumes, whole grains or leafy green vegetables, your magnesium intake may be lower than recommended. These foods are among the main dietary sources of magnesium.
Certain health conditions can also increase the risk of inadequate magnesium. The NIH notes that people with some gastrointestinal disorders, type 2 diabetes and long-term alcohol dependence, as well as some older adults, may be more likely to have inadequate magnesium intake or status. Certain medications can also affect magnesium levels or absorption.
However, this does not mean that everyone in these groups needs a magnesium supplement.
Your diet, health history, medications and individual circumstances all matter.
And importantly, poor sleep by itself does not prove that you have a magnesium deficiency.
If there is a genuine concern about magnesium deficiency or inadequate intake, it is better to discuss the issue with a healthcare professional than to assume that taking a high-dose supplement is the answer.
Can Magnesium Deficiency Affect Sleep?
This is a slightly different question from asking whether magnesium supplements improve sleep.
Magnesium is essential for normal nerve and muscle function, so researchers have a biological reason to investigate whether inadequate magnesium status could influence sleep.
Observational research has found associations between magnesium status and some sleep measures. However, observational studies cannot establish that low magnesium causes insomnia.
There is therefore a big difference between saying:
“Magnesium deficiency may be associated with sleep problems.”
and saying:
“Magnesium deficiency causes insomnia.”
The second statement is much stronger than the evidence allows.
Poor sleep can have many causes, and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness or sleep disturbance are not enough to diagnose magnesium deficiency.
For that reason, someone experiencing persistent sleep problems should not assume that magnesium is the missing piece simply because they have symptoms that could occur with inadequate magnesium.
Magnesium Intake vs Magnesium Status
Dietary magnesium intake and magnesium status are not exactly the same thing.
A person may report consuming a certain amount of magnesium, but that does not necessarily tell us precisely how much magnesium is available in the body.
Similarly, serum magnesium is commonly measured clinically, but it does not perfectly reflect total body magnesium stores.
This is another reason why sleep problems should not automatically be interpreted as evidence of magnesium deficiency.
Increasing magnesium makes more sense when inadequate intake or deficiency is actually a concern, rather than simply because someone is sleeping poorly.
Take-Home Message
Low magnesium status may be relevant to sleep, but poor sleep alone does not mean you are magnesium deficient.
If deficiency is suspected, the underlying cause should be evaluated rather than simply taking high-dose magnesium.
What Does Magnesium Research Tell Us About Older Adults?
Older adults are an important population in magnesium-and-sleep research.
The systematic review of magnesium supplementation for insomnia included three randomized trials involving 151 older adults. The pooled analysis found a reduction in sleep-onset latency of about 17 minutes, but the researchers rated the evidence low to very low quality and noted moderate-to-high risk of bias across the trials.
That means the finding is worth studying further, not that magnesium should automatically be recommended as an insomnia treatment for older adults.
Age can also bring changes in diet, medication use, health conditions and sleep patterns, all of which can influence sleep.
The older-adult evidence is therefore a useful example of both the potential benefit and the limitations of magnesium supplementation research.
This does not mean magnesium only works in older adults. It means that this particular population has been studied more directly in randomized trials.
Take-Home Message
Some of the clinical evidence for magnesium and insomnia comes from older adults, but the evidence is still too limited to make a strong treatment recommendation.
What About Magnesium and Anxiety?
Stress and anxiety can make sleep more difficult, which has led to interest in whether magnesium might influence both.
However, magnesium should not be presented as a treatment for anxiety-related sleep problems.
The research on magnesium, anxiety and sleep remains limited, with differences between studies in magnesium forms, doses, participants and outcome measures.
If anxiety is persistent or significantly affecting sleep, addressing the underlying anxiety is more important than relying on a mineral supplement.
Magnesium-rich foods can still be part of a healthy dietary pattern, but they should not be treated as a substitute for appropriate care.
How Strong Is the Evidence for Magnesium and Sleep?
After looking at the research as a whole, the evidence is best described as promising but incomplete.
| Question | What the evidence currently suggests |
|---|---|
| Is magnesium essential for health? | Strong evidence |
| Is magnesium status associated with sleep? | Some observational evidence |
| Does magnesium supplementation improve sleep? | Possible, but inconsistent |
| Can magnesium shorten sleep-onset latency? | Some evidence, particularly in older-adult trials |
| Does magnesium reliably increase total sleep time? | Not established |
| Does magnesium reliably improve sleep quality? | Not established |
| Is magnesium a proven treatment for chronic insomnia? | No |
| Is one magnesium form proven best for sleep? | No |
| Can magnesium-rich foods help meet nutritional needs? | Yes |
The evidence is also changing.
Older systematic reviews found mixed results, while newer randomized trials of magnesium bisglycinate and magnesium L-threonate have added some encouraging findings.
But these newer studies do not eliminate the limitations of the earlier evidence.
Some trials are relatively small. Different studies use different magnesium formulations and doses. Some rely heavily on self-reported sleep outcomes, while others use wearable devices or other objective measurements. Follow-up periods can also be relatively short.
The 2025 bisglycinate trial found a small improvement in insomnia severity, while the more recent L-threonate trial found some subjective improvements but no group differences in its objective sleep outcomes.
This makes it difficult to answer a simple question such as:
“Does magnesium work for sleep?”
A more scientifically honest answer is:
Magnesium may improve some aspects of sleep for some people, but the evidence is not yet strong or consistent enough to recommend it as a universal sleep treatment.
Take-Home Message
The evidence is promising enough to justify further research, but not strong enough to support exaggerated claims about magnesium for sleep.
A Practical Way to Think About Magnesium and Sleep
Instead of asking:
“Which magnesium supplement will make me sleep?”
A better starting question is:
“Am I meeting my magnesium needs as part of a healthy diet?”
If your diet is low in magnesium-rich foods, improving your overall dietary pattern is a sensible first step.
Then look at the rest of your sleep habits.
A sleep-supportive routine may include:
- A consistent sleep and wake time
- Regular exposure to daylight
- Less bright light close to bedtime
- Regular physical activity
- Limiting caffeine later in the day
- A comfortable sleep environment
- A balanced diet
- Addressing persistent sleep problems appropriately
Magnesium can fit into that picture.
It does not need to dominate it.
Take-Home Message
Magnesium is one piece of the sleep puzzle—not the entire puzzle.
Getting enough from a varied diet is sensible, while using high-dose supplements specifically for sleep requires more caution.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does magnesium really help you sleep?
Possibly, but the evidence is not conclusive. Some observational studies associate magnesium status with sleep measures, while randomized trials have produced mixed or uncertain results.
What is the best magnesium for sleep?
There is currently not enough high-quality evidence to identify one form as the best magnesium for sleep. Different forms have different characteristics, but marketing claims often go beyond the available clinical evidence.
Should I take magnesium before bed?
There is no universally established bedtime dose or timing recommendation for magnesium specifically for sleep. Whether supplementation is appropriate depends on your diet, health, medications and individual circumstances.
Can magnesium help with insomnia?
Some limited research suggests magnesium supplementation may reduce the time needed to fall asleep, particularly in some older adults, but the evidence is low quality and insufficient to establish magnesium as a treatment for insomnia.
Can magnesium increase melatonin?
Magnesium is involved in many biological processes related to normal nervous-system function, but it should not be presented as a simple way to increase melatonin. Circadian timing and light exposure are major regulators of melatonin production.
Can you get enough magnesium from food?
Yes. Nuts, seeds, legumes, whole grains and leafy greens are among the main dietary sources of magnesium.
Is magnesium safe?
Magnesium naturally present in food is generally safe for healthy people. Higher amounts from supplements can cause diarrhea, nausea and abdominal cramping, while extremely high amounts can cause serious toxicity. The adult upper limit for magnesium from supplements and medications is 350 mg per day, unless a healthcare professional recommends otherwise. People with impaired kidney function should be particularly cautious.
The Bottom Line
Magnesium is important for normal health, including normal nerve and muscle function, but that does not make it a guaranteed sleep aid.
Research suggests a possible relationship between magnesium status and sleep, and some clinical studies have reported improvements in specific sleep measures.
The evidence has also become more interesting with newer randomized trials. A 2025 study of magnesium bisglycinate found a modest improvement in insomnia severity among adults reporting poor sleep, while earlier research in older adults found a reduction in sleep-onset latency.
Research on magnesium L-threonate has also produced some encouraging subjective findings, although objective sleep measurements have not consistently shown the same benefit.
Overall, the evidence remains limited by small studies, different magnesium formulations and doses, short follow-up periods and inconsistent findings.
For most people, the sensible starting point is simple:
Get enough magnesium from a varied diet.
Include foods such as pumpkin seeds, chia seeds, almonds, beans, spinach, whole grains and other magnesium-rich foods regularly.
If you are considering a magnesium supplement specifically because you are struggling with sleep, remember that more isn’t necessarily better, and the right approach depends on your individual circumstances.
Magnesium may be part of a healthy sleep strategy.
It just should not be treated as the whole strategy.
References
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Magnesium — Fact Sheet for Consumers.
- Arab A, Rafie N, Amani R, Shirani F. The Role of Magnesium in Sleep Health: A Systematic Review of Available Literature. Biological Trace Element Research. PubMed.
- Mah J, Pitre T. Oral Magnesium Supplementation for Insomnia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. PubMed.
- Schuster J, Cycelskij I, Lopresti A, Hahn A. Magnesium Bisglycinate Supplementation in Healthy Adults Reporting Poor Sleep: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nature and Science of Sleep. 2025. PubMed.
- Lopresti A, Smith S. The Effects of Magnesium L-threonate on Cognitive Performance and Sleep Quality in Adults: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2026. PubMed.
- Hausenblas HA, Lynch T, Hooper S, et al. Magnesium-L-threonate Improves Sleep Quality and Daytime Functioning in Adults With Self-Reported Sleep Problems: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sleep Medicine: X. 2024. PubMed.
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Magnesium — Health Professional Fact Sheet.